巴基斯坦推動(dòng)可再生能源的發(fā)展，但是煤炭的擴(kuò)張也在繼續(xù)

據(jù)路透社8月8日?qǐng)?bào)道，巴基斯坦政府官員說，巴基斯坦本周啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，到2030年將其來自可再生能源的電力份額從目前的約4％提高到30％。

Pakistan this week set in motion a plan to boost the share of its electric power that comes from renewables to 30% by 2030, up from about 4% today, government officials said.

 

“新宣布的政策的目標(biāo)是，到2025年，可再生能源占巴基斯坦電力裝機(jī)容量的20％，到2030年這一比例要達(dá)到30％。”政府可再生能源發(fā)展署政策總監(jiān)Syed Aqeel Hussain Jafry說。

“The targets in the newly announced policy are a 20% share of renewables in installed capacity of Pakistan’s power mix by 2025 and 30% by 2030,” said Syed Aqeel Hussain Jafry, policy director for the government’s Alternative Energy Development Board.

 

他說，這將主要包括風(fēng)能和太陽能，還包括地?zé)崮?，潮汐能，波浪能和生物質(zhì)能。

That will include mainly wind and solar power, but also geothermal, tidal, wave and biomass energy, he said.

 

巴基斯坦能源改革特別工作組組長(zhǎng)納迪姆•巴巴爾表示，由于預(yù)計(jì)水力發(fā)電能力將提升，這一轉(zhuǎn)變可能使清潔能源在巴基斯坦電力結(jié)構(gòu)中的比重到2030年時(shí)達(dá)到65％。

With boosts in hydropower capacity expected as well, the shift could bring the share of clean energy in Pakistan’s electricity mix to 65% by 2030, said Nadeem Babar, head of a task force on energy reforms in Pakistan.

 

巴基斯坦的太陽能和風(fēng)能開發(fā)商Zeeshan Ashfaq警告說，但是立法通過的是計(jì)劃再建設(shè)七座燃煤發(fā)電廠，這是中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊項(xiàng)目第二階段的一部分。這可能會(huì)阻礙可再生能源的規(guī)模擴(kuò)大。

But the legislation leaves in place plans to build seven more coal-fired power plants as part of the second phase of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor project - something that could impede scale-up of renewable power, warned Zeeshan Ashfaq, a solar and wind energy developer in Pakistan.

 

“后續(xù)大約4000-5000兆瓦的煤電廠計(jì)劃將不會(huì)為可再生能源提供更多空間，”巴基斯坦SOWITEC（太陽能風(fēng)電技術(shù)）董事總經(jīng)理Ashfaq說。

“A coal pipeline of around 4,000-5,000 megawatts will not provide much space for renewables,” said Ashfaq, managing director of SOWITEC (Solar Wind Technology) Pakistan.

 

總理內(nèi)閣去年12月批準(zhǔn)的新的國(guó)家可再生能源政策因新冠疫情的流行而推遲，談判人員也在試圖解決與各省的爭(zhēng)端。

The new national renewables policy, approved by the prime minister’s cabinet last December, was delayed by the coronavirus pandemic and as negotiators tried to resolve disputes with individual provinces.

 

但是聯(lián)邦規(guī)劃與發(fā)展部長(zhǎng)阿薩德·烏馬爾在社交媒體上表示，這些爭(zhēng)端的解決現(xiàn)在為“釋放巴基斯坦可再生能源的全部潛力”開辟了道路。

But Asad Umar, federal minister for planning and development, said on social media the resolution of those disputes now opened the way to “unleash Pakistan’s full potential” for renewables.

 

能源特別工作組主席，現(xiàn)任總理特別助理巴巴爾說，預(yù)計(jì)可再生能源的新投資將來自私人投資者，潛在的供應(yīng)商將在年度拍賣中競(jìng)標(biāo)，低關(guān)稅提案勝出。

New investment in renewable energy is expected to come from private investors, with potential suppliers bidding in annual auctions and low-tariff proposals winning, said Babar, chair of the energy task force and now special assistant to the prime minister.

 

替代能源委員會(huì)的賈夫里表示，這項(xiàng)政策標(biāo)志著一項(xiàng)重大轉(zhuǎn)變，過去投資者通過單個(gè)項(xiàng)目與政府接洽。

Jafry, of the alternative energy board, said the policy represented a significant shift from the past, when investors approached the government with individual projects.

 

可再生能源開發(fā)商阿什法克表示，和前任政府相比，現(xiàn)任政府對(duì)可再生能源表現(xiàn)出更大興趣。“上屆政府的重點(diǎn)是對(duì)化石燃料發(fā)電廠進(jìn)行投資。新政府對(duì)可再生能源的態(tài)度更加開放并希望促進(jìn)其發(fā)展。”他說。

Ashfaq, the renewables developer, said the current government had shown more interest in renewable energy than previous administrations.“The last government’s focus was on investing in fossil fuel power plants. This new government is much more open to renewable energy and wants to promote it” he said.

 

巴巴爾說，大多數(shù)新計(jì)劃的可再生能源將是太陽能或風(fēng)能，這兩種技術(shù)占比平均，從風(fēng)力發(fā)電場(chǎng)到屋頂太陽能，各種技術(shù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。“我們已經(jīng)有30多個(gè)正在運(yùn)營(yíng)的風(fēng)能和太陽能發(fā)電廠，都由本地和國(guó)際銀行，多邊和出口信貸機(jī)構(gòu)資助。新的電廠將以同樣的方式籌集資金”。他說，新的可再生能源計(jì)劃代表了“一個(gè)雄心勃勃但有望實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)”。

Babar said most of the new planned renewable power would be solar or wind, divided roughly equally between the two technologies, and coming from everything from wind farms to rooftop solar.“We already have more than 30 wind and solar plants in operation, all financed privately by local and international banks, multilaterals and export credit agencies. New ones will be financed the same way,” he said. The new renewables plan represents “an ambitious target but achievable”, he said.

 

阿什法克預(yù)測(cè)，到2030年，國(guó)際投資者可能會(huì)在該計(jì)劃中投入多達(dá)150億美元。盡管他警告說，可再生能源投資將取決于政府明確的使用目標(biāo)，以及該國(guó)工業(yè)化進(jìn)程中對(duì)電力的需求不斷增長(zhǎng)。他表示，在過去的兩年中，巴基斯坦電力需求放緩，甚至在三月份新冠疫情流行之前，經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)處于困境之中。

International investors could put as much as $15 billion into the plan by 2030, Ashfaq predicted - though he cautioned that renewables investment would depend on clear government targets for its use, and growing demand for power as the country industrialises.Growth in power demand has slowed over the past two years, with Pakistan’s economy struggling even before the coronavirus pandemic hit in March, he said.

 

Ashfaq表示，中巴經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊項(xiàng)目將重點(diǎn)放在建設(shè)新的燃煤電廠上，這是擴(kuò)大可再生能源規(guī)模的一大潛在障礙。“ CPEC發(fā)電項(xiàng)目中近70％的發(fā)電能力是燃煤。通過CPEC的煤電項(xiàng)目，燃煤發(fā)電量將從2017年的3％增加到2025年的20％。”實(shí)現(xiàn)該國(guó)的可再生能源目標(biāo)將需要重新考慮那些計(jì)劃。

One big potential roadblock to scaling renewables is the focus of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project on building new coal-fired power plants, Ashfaq said.“Nearly 70% of generation capacity of CPEC power projects is coal fired. With CPEC coal-power projects, coal-fired generation capacity will increase from 3% in 2017 to 20% in 2025,” he said.Achieving the country’s renewable energy aims will require rethinking those plans, he said.

 

但是巴巴爾說：“CPEC中得到預(yù)授權(quán)的化石燃料項(xiàng)目將繼續(xù)執(zhí)行，并將進(jìn)入建設(shè)階段”。

But Babar said “pre-authorized fossil fuel projects under CPEC will continue execution - they will go into construction”.

 

這表明巴基斯坦將繼續(xù)執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，到2024年建成所有七個(gè)新的CPEC燃煤電廠。

That suggests Pakistan will continue with plans to build all seven new CPEC coal-fired power plants by 2024.

 

替代能源委員會(huì)的賈夫里說，盡管他相信新的可再生能源政策是“現(xiàn)實(shí)且能夠完成的”，但它也與對(duì)巴基斯坦到2047年能源需求的預(yù)測(cè)有關(guān)。

Jafry, of the alternative energy board, however, said he believed the new renewables policy was “achievable and realistic”, as it was linked to forecasts of Pakistan’s energy demand through 2047.